Jalal-Abad

Written by Sandeep Nehra

Jalal-Abad is the city in Kyrgyzstan and it is administrative center of Jalal-Abad region. Population estimated of the zone is year 2004 was 75,696. Distance of Jalal-Abad from capital city, Bishkek is about 650 km while it is just 60 km south-west of second biggest city,Osh.

Geological Location: foothills of the Tien Shan mountain range at the foot of small hills Ayyp Too on the height of 763 m above sea level in Kogartskoy Valley. The valley is located in the subtropical zone. Distance from large bodies of water causes the continentality and aridity of the climate. The average temperature is +13 C º, in July +25 +27 C º, in January -3-5C º.

Erected as a village near the springs with the growth of population settlements appeared artisans like potters, artisans, craft workshops developed, which subsequently gave rise to small processing enterprises. At the beginning of XIX century, built a fortress of the Kokand Khanate. Since 1876, the status of the city was of Russian Empire. By this time the attitude and the first mention of the settlement with the name of Jalal-Abad in the official historical documents. At that time it was shed for caravan passing merchants on the Silk Road. It crossed the road on transhumance, buyers and sellers; it was the venue for the steppe trade. Since 1991, the city of Jalal-Abad had given the status of the regional center. The first mayor, the Jalal-Abad was elected Ismanov Kasim. In autumn 2007, the city celebrated its 130 anniversary. The main events with the participation of the country’s leadership have been at the racetrack, “Teltoru. The city was awarded the Order Danaker. Since April 2008, the mayor is Akambaev Tillack, he will replace Duishen Mamasalieva, which now occupies the post of mayor of Tashkumyr.

The city of Jalal-Abad is the administrative center of Jalal-Abad region, and also the third largest city in Kyrgyzstan. The tourists are here attracts a variety of mineral springs and curative mud. According to legend, here is the source of Chashma Ayub (Job Source), who visited the Prophet Ayub (biblical Job). Many of the sources are known to II BC and are considered sacred at a distance of 5 km from the resort complex Jalal-Abad.

In Jalal-Abad region in south-western slopes of the Fergana and Chatkal ranges of southern Kyrgyzstan in the range 800-2100 m above sea level, the world’s largest tracts of walnut forests. In these forests occur up to 130 species of trees and shrubs, including walnuts, pistachios, almonds, pear, apple, plum, currants. Forests are multilayered, diverse shrub understory. Productivity hickory forests are high enough. There are some trees that give yields up to 200-400 kg of nuts per year. The age of these trees over 800 years old-timers, and their height is 30 m with a trunk diameter up to 2 m.

The most popular recreation area called “Arstanbap (Arslanbob) and is located 70 km from the town of Jalal-Abad near the mountain peak in the ridge Weber Babash-Ata. Here you can see small and large waterfalls, height 35 and 80 m respectively. On the opposite side of the array Babash-Ata, in the valley of the Chon-Kerei, framed by juniper forests cozy hid a small but very beautiful lake Kutman-Kel. From the north-eastern side of the ridge Isfandzhaylyau, located adjacent to the ridge Babash-Ata, at an altitude of 1900 m lies a lake of Kara-Suu, which is very popular fishing.

Sarah-Chelek Biosphere Reserve located in the spurs Chatkal Range of the Tien Shan in the Jalal-Abad region. It was organized in 1959 to protect the walnut-fruit forests. The lower boundary of the reserve is at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level, the highest point is 4247 m (Mount Mustor). Most of the lakes (507 ha) and the most famous is Sary-Chelek. The reserve grows over 1000 species of plants, to a height of 2100 m is dominated by forests of walnut and apple trees. At an altitude of 2100-3000 m is the sub-alpine zone, including fir and spruce forests, above – the forbs-grassy meadows. Some parts of the walnut-fruit forests are kind geobotanical museums; they combine tree species typical for Siberia and various parts of the Tien Shan. The lakes in spring and autumn have good waterfowl.

Mausoleum of Shah-Fazil, which is located in Jalal-Abad region near the village of Safid-Bulend has no analogues in the architecture Qarakhanid time among the monuments of the XI century. Who preserved a little. Particularly unique in its interior covered with carved Ganchev from floor to ceiling. Mount Archa-Mazar, towering beside vlyaetsya Muslim shrine for the whole Ferghana Valley, the spiritual values of the people.

The second largest city in the southern part of the country and the third – the most Kyrgyzstan, Jalal-Abad is quite young, he was a little over 120 years. However, in the vicinity of the city people settled from time immemorial. The reason was not only favorable natural and climatic conditions in the region , but also well-known medicinal thermal springs are abundant around the city. Already in the II century. BC. Oe. Their sulphate-sodium-calcium bicarbonate water and mud used to treat many ailments, but sources themselves were considered sacred to them every year many pilgrims flocked. According to legend, here is the source of Chashma Ayub (Job Source), which, according to legend, visited the Prophet Ayub (biblical Job). Now the main activities are concentrated in the resort complex “Jalal-Abad, located 5 km from the city, at an altitude of 975 m above sea level.

Jalal-Abad region – one of the administrative-territorial units of the Kyrgyz Republic, located on the south-west of the country. Its administrative center – the city of Jalal-Abad has population of about 1 million people. In the ethno-cultural and economic terms the region, together with neighboring Osh and Batken region of Kyrgyzstan is part of the South – agricultural, more mountainous and less developed parts of the country with a low percentage of Russian-speaking population.

The main units of the relief area are the north-eastern edge of the Fergana valley and the mountains of Western Tien Shan, which decays into the following ranges: Talas Alatau, Susamyr Tau Pskem Range, Ferghana Range, Chandalashsky ridge and Chatkal ridge. Because of the isolated, but rather of the southern region, its climate is moderate, but quite a continental character. In the mountains of the region there is possibility of strong frosts and snowfalls. In the valleys of the summer is very dry. At the foot of the mountains stretching steppes and semi-desert, situated on the slopes of pine nut and pine forests, sparse Juniper forests, above the subalpine and alpine meadows, rocks and glaciers . District covers an area of 33, 5 thousand square meters. Kilometers (about 17% of Kyrgyzstan). Over 70% of its territory is redkozaselennye highlands of western Tien Shan. The remaining 30%, primarily land along the border with Uzbekistan and the valley of the Naryn River predstvalyayut a densely populated foothills and plains of the Ferghana Valley, reserved for irrigated zemledenie (cotton). The region is located in the arid zone is sharp-continental climate, but the presence of several large glaciers in the mountains pozvolayayut it has a fairly significant water resources. Home artery area – the Naryn River, one of the main components of the second largest and most important rivers in Central Asia – the Syr Darya, and the numerous tributaries of the Naryn. Naryn is the source gidroelektoenergii areas on it in the Soviet era were built few easy HPS.

The industrialization of the area, which took place during the Soviet Union, expressed mainly in the construction of large hydroelectric plants, the basic qualified staff which was out of the RSFSR and the USSR. At the same time intensively developed cotton, intensive irrigation irrigation in collective and state farms farms, where it was involved Kyrgyz and Uzbek population. The collapse of the USSR led to deindustrialization edge, as the country as a whole, the decline of technologically equipped agricultural area. Area suffers from chronic unemployment, reaching 70%. In the past, intensive extraction of oil, gas, coal (Kok Jangak, Tashkömür) and polymetallic ores. The main contribution to the economy makes electricity with a cascade of hydropower stations and reservoirs on the Naryn River: Toktoghul HPS, HPS Kurpsayskaya, Tash Kumyrskaya HPP Uchkurgan HPS). In Soviet times, was notable contribution of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, construction, cotton-cleaning, and light and food industries. In the Ferghana Valley is developed irrigation farming. Specialization: cereals, cotton, tobacco, grapes, horticulture, livestock (sheep, goats, cows, horses), silkworm, and on the slopes – dry farming. In the mountains most important business is of sheep.

In many ways the cause of economic decline of the region is its demography. The Soviet economy in his time was not paying attention, not a population explosion among avtohonnogo population, which grew at a rate of 3-3,5% per year over several decades in view of absence the contraceptives. Currently, the population in a population of about 1 million people (20% of the population of Kyrgyzstan), the population according to statistics in 2003 – 834 thousand people population density 26 people 1 km ² (in the valleys of 200-500 persons a km ², in the mountains of 0-5 people 1 km ². The region is traditionally characterized by high fertility, especially in rural areas, although it has fallen significantly in recent years 23-25 births per thousand to 35 – 40 in Soviet times. The population of the region is dominated by Kirghiz (about 75%), Uzbeks (20%) making up the bulk of cross-border population of the Ferghana Valley, have a small number of Russian and Turkish. The main religion in the region is Islam, the secular-minded with a touch of shamanism among the Kirghiz. Russian and Russian-speaking are Orthodox and atheists. The average household size in the area – 5,5 Rights (naivyschy rate in the country). Following the mass emigration of Russian-speaking population, which is in the area, however, has never been particularly numerous, began an intensive migration processes, and among the Kirghiz. Rural Kirghiz first rushed in Jalal-Abad, and then in Chui oblast and Frunze (Bishkek), and more recently to work in Russia. Highlands region is the region traditionally inhabited by the Kirghiz – nomads and pastoralists (see Turkic people) constituting the majority of the population field. But because of its position near the border with Uzbekistan, in a high proportion of the various ethno-linguistics minorities. According to the 1999 census in the area inhabited by 868 thousand people (962 thousand in 2005) is 18% population. In mountain areas, the population density is low, much higher than it is in the valleys and near the border. The region is characterized by high fertility, low mortality, high estesvenny growth and a significant level of emigration in the last decade.

Ethnic groups: Kirghiz 69.9% 606 thousand (1999), 212 thousand Uzbeks 24.4%, Russian 2.1% of 18 thousand, 7 thousand Tatars 0,8%, others (mainly Tajiks, Turks and Kurds) 25 thousand (2,8%).

Municipalities: located in the following cities and village – Kara-Kul, Kok-Jangak, Maili-Sai, Tashkömür.

Mountain regions of the nomadic tribes settled Kirgiz herdsmen, Turkic-speaking settlers from the Altai. In a lowland regions for a long time remained avtohonnye Indo-European group of Iranian origin, irrigated zemledeniem even in antiquity. By the late middle Ages, after intensive Turco-Mongol migrations, they gradually tyurkiziruyutsya, but retain a fairly well-developed urban and farming culture: the so-formed Uzbek ethnic group. This ethnic and cultural divisions in terms of relief in the Ferghana Valley in general and in particular, persisted in the late Middle Ages to our time, yet, after the establishment of the administrative-territorial division of the Kirgiz SSR, a group of traditional mountain pass in the Kirghiz sedentary and moved closer to mountains. The region’s territory before the end of the 19 th century under the control of the Khanate of Kokand, while also Khanate, and its dependencies are not included in the Russian Empire. Actually, Jalal-Abad region was formed in 1939. Then, in the course of the program on administrative-territorial enlargement, it was abolished in 1959 (became part of the Osh region) and then reinstated in 1990, due to the rapid growth of its population.

The region has zanchitelnym recreational and tourist material. In the area there are three well-known reserves: Besharalsky Reserve Sarycheleksky Reserve and Dashmansky reserves. Sam regional center – the city of Jalal-Abad has long been a resort (mineral springs). Also on the territory of the region are Arslanbobskie waterfalls, lake Sarychelek; medieval mausoleum Shah-Fazil (XIII century).

Jalal-Abad – the biggest spa resort in Kyrgyzstan, created on the basis of thermal and radon waters. The concentration of radon in water is very high. An important point is cheap accommodation and treatment in a sanatorium (on average $ 12 a day). Radon waters of Jalal-Abad useful for irregularities in the field of gynecologic and skin diseases.

Tourists in the Jalal-Abad attract a variety of mineral springs and curative mud. According to legend, in Jalal-Abad was the source of Chashma Ayub (Job Source), who visited the Prophet Ayub (biblical Job). Many of the sources are known to II in. BC and are considered sacred. At a distance of 5 km from the resort complex “Jalal-Abad,” he is at a height of 971 m above sea level.

From the city to the resort can be reached by bus. It is located on the western slope of the hill Ayub Tau, one of the ledges of the river Kugart - the right tributary of the Kara-Darya. The main therapeutic agents are thermal weak and silnomineralizovannye sulphate-sodium-calcium bicarbonate water used for baths and drinking cures. In therapeutic purposes at the resort is also used peat-silt mud. Along with balneotherapy and mud cure used electro, physiotherapy, massage, climate, medical and swimming pool, health food, wellness bar, acupuncture and operates sanatorium for 450 places in the summer and 150 seats in the winter. Accommodation is in three buildings and four small houses for 2-4 places.

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