Bishkek

Written by Sandeep Nehra

Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. It is the political, economic, scientific, cultural and educational center, the main transportation hub. The total area of the urban area – 115,7 thousand hectares. Bishkek consists of 4 administrative-territorial units: Pervomayskiy, Lenin, the October and Sverdlovsk region HN, as well as Jong-Aryk  and Orto-Sai.

Nature: The town is situated at the foot of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too-centered tion Chui valley, on a sloping plain formed by fused bath cones river Ala and Ala-Archa at a height of 750 m above sea level there. Plain, formed by loess-like formations are gradually falling, approaches leads to the floodplain, Chui. The river bed is pressed to the northeast aboard the Chu basin and is located at a distance standing 20 kilometers from Bishkek. The width of the Chu basin in the meridian of the city is 60 km.

The geological structure: The central part of the Chui valley, where the Bishkek, structurally represents an asymmetric mega sink lineal sub latitudinal location. The modern boundaries of the city is confined to a southern part Chui Syncline to the so-called Bishkek skomu trough created by the Paleogene-Neogene new continental sediments Hall on the eroded surface of the Paleozoic basement Skog. Paleozoic rocks from geophysical data, are found at depths greater than 5000 m and are mainly gneisses, schist, lime stones and volcanic rocks. The total thickness of the Paleogene-Neogene rocks 4.5-5.0 km. They are covered with a thick mantle of unconsolidated entities chetvertich age. In the alluvial-proluvial genesis they are valunnikami, galech nicknames with gravel and sand filler layers and bundles of assorted sands and liquefied liniest-sandy formations. According to the seismic zoning, the territory of the city belongs to the 9-point area. View in the vicinity of the city in a 4-field from the depths of 1500-2000 m are derived hot mineral water. In the composition of the water contains chloride, sodium, calcium. The waters with healing properties, MO gut are used for the treatment of skin, muscular, gastric and venous disease.

Climate: Bishkek climatic conditions are the extreme southern situation in the context of climate continentality moderate shek mouth. There are 322 average sunny days per year. Monthly duration of sunshine is the highest in July – 332 hours while the lowest in December – 126 hours. The average annual temperature 10.2 ° C. The colder month – January (- 4.6 ° C) and warmest – July (24,5 ° C). The lowest temperature so the air was recorded in December 1930 (-38 ° C), and in July 1983 was a record heat (43 ° C). South part of the city is warmer sowing at about1-2 ° C.

Spring frosts are usually terminated in mid-April, and autumn begin in mid-October. However, there is a substantial deviation from these average dates. Due to recoil from the laziness of the seas and oceans in the city of precipitation is small. During the year, on average, yields fell to 409 mm of precipitation. Most of them share is mainly in March-July. Most dry season – July to September (11%). Snow lies from mid-December to late February. The highest average snow depth of 13 cm and in winters with little snow depth of 3-7 cm for climate Bishkek typical upland-wet RY. Average wind speed did not exceed 2 – 3 m / sec. Over the years there has been, on average, about 30 cases of strong winds up to 15 m / s and more, mostly spare direction. For long time of year characterized by frequent worsening of the visibility due to fog and haze. The number of foggy days on average per year is 30 – 40.

Water: The main waterways in Bishkek in the past were pp. Ala-Archa and Alamo dunes. Within the city these rivers flowed from south to north along the branched flows. In connection with the built-up urban area of their many arms flows were combined in 2 channels. By means of daily regulation basins, constructed with the output of the rivers from the mountains south Bishkek and a network of irrigation canals, river water used for irrigation prepare family farms and cities. In Bishkek irrigation system has an extensive network of irrigation ditches and canals, conducted through the city in all directions. Located along the street, they irrigate the green areas. In theory territory of the city are Zap, Grand Chu and east Grand Chu channels. Bishkek is located north of Lower Alaarchinskoe reservoir nilische, part-cerned to include in the urban territory. In the elk grove there are ponds: Komsomolsk and Pioneer. Ponds are also available on VDNH and in other places.

Soils: The main zonal soil types in the south of the city are common sowing and serozems. In sowing, lower cha step – have proliferated in the meadow-gray earth, sierozem-meadow, meadow and meadow-bog soils.

Vegetation: In sowing of cities but in areas not yet occupied cultural teriyaki races, there are small thickets of reed nick, cattail, sedges, along the banks of ponds and rivers – wild willow and poplar. In the low foothills of the southern governmental adyry outskirts of the city are dominated by groaning characteristic of arid areas. The lower part of adyry occupy plants Efeers-wormwood semi-desert.

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